第五章 学术论文的结构
5.1 IMRaD Format（IMRaD结构）
1、Scientific format of research paper:
What is IMRaD format?（什么是IMRaD格式？）
The IMRaD structure is the commonly accepted format for communicating in the scientific community. Scientists talk through scientific journals or conference in the IMRaD format.
（IMRaD结构是在科学界进行交流的普遍接受的格式。 科学家交谈IMRaD格式的科学期刊或会议。）
- Introduction (Why did you do this study?)
- Methods and Materials (How did you do it?)
- Results (What did you find?)
- And
- Discussion (What does it mean?)
Why the IMRaD format?（为什么使用IMRaD格式？）
Variation of IMRaD format?（IMRaD格式的变化形式？）
- IMRaD (Abstract、Introduction、Methods and Materials、Results、Discussion)
- IRaDM （biology）(Abstract、Introduction、Results、Discussion、Methods and Materials)
- IMRaRaRaD （Medical）(Abstract、Introduction、Methods and Materials、Results 1+ Discussion、Results 2+ Discussion、Results 3+ Discussion、Conclusion)
2、IMRaD Format
| Introduction | 1. provide necessary context to understand a problem |
|---|---|
| (Introduction) | 2. Propose a solution to the problem |
| Methods | 3. explain your idea and effort to solve the problem |
| Results | 4. report your findings |
| Discussion | 5. Offer discussion about findings |
| Conclusion | 6. Recommend future research |
5.2 Scientific format from the perspective of referees（审稿人的视角）
1、Evaluating process
- Check the formatting and other requirements （检查格式和其他要求）
- Send it to two peer reviewers (blind) （将其发送给两名同行审阅者（盲人））
- Referees to tick the boxes (criteria for evaluation) （审稿人在方框中打勾（评估标准））
- 4.Referees are also asked to write their comments （请审稿人发表评论）
2、Referee’s Evaluation Forms
- Is the contribution new? （贡献是新的吗？）
- Is the contribution significant? （贡献重大吗？）
- Is it suitable for publication in the journal? （是否适合在期刊上发表？）
- Is the manuscript well-structured and clear? （手稿结构合理，清晰吗？）
- Are the scientific method and assumption valid and clearly outlined? （科学方法和假设是否有效且清晰概述？）
- Are the results sufficient to support the interpretations and conclusions? （结果是否足以支持解释和结论？）
- Is the description of experiments and calculations sufficiently complete and precise to allow their reproduction by fellow scientists? （对实验和计算的描述是否足够完整和准确，以允许其他科学家复制它们？）
- Are all the figures and tables necessary? （是否需要所有图表？）
- Are figure legends and table titles adequate? （图例和表格标题是否足够？）
- Do the title and Abstract clearly indicate the content of the paper? （标题和摘要是否清楚地表明了论文的内容？）
- Are the references up to date, complete, and formatted properly? （参考资料是否最新，完整且格式正确？）
- Is the paper excellent, good, or poor? （论文质量是好还是差？）
3、Where would you expect to find evidence for an answer in the manuscript?
4、Referee Criteria （To Sum UP）
Significance of IMRaD format from the perspective of referees
Referees’ criteria for evaluating manuscript
Purpose each section serves during the evaluation
